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　　傳統(tǒng)中華文化的大力傳播離不開翻譯，而對于這些帶有一定內(nèi)涵的文化術(shù)語，該如何英譯呢？下面由杭州中譯翻譯公司為您講解中華文化中關(guān)于“天下”的詞中英文翻譯。

　　都：Metropolis

　　周朝時，各諸侯國的政治中心都叫做“都”；秦漢以后，統(tǒng)指國都、帝王的治所。后規(guī)模大、人口多的城邑都可稱為“都”。

　　During the Zhou Dynasty, the political center of all ducal states was called du. From the Qin and Han dynasties onward, du referred to the place where the emperor lived. Later, all cities large in scale and population were called du.

　　京（京師）：Capital of a Country

　　京師者何？天子之居也。京者何？大也。師者何？眾也。天子之居，必以眾大之辭言之。 （《公羊傳?桓公九年》） （“京師”是什么？是天子居住的地方?！熬敝甘裁矗渴侵竅規(guī)模] 宏大?！皫煛敝甘裁矗渴侵竅人口] 眾多。天子居住的城邑，必須用“眾”“大”這樣的詞語來形容。）

　　What does jingshi mean? It is the place where the Son of Heaven resides. What does jing mean? It means grandeur and magnificence. What does shi mean? It means a lot of people. No words other than populous and grandeur can best describe the place where the Son of Heaven lives. (Gongyang’s Commentary on The Spring and Autumn Annals)

　　城：Fortress / City

　　四周由城墻環(huán)繞的城邑?！俺恰北局赋菈Α⒊枪?，是筑土而成的、具有軍事防御及防洪功能的設(shè)施，城外一般挖有護(hù)城河。古代王朝國都、諸侯封地、卿及大夫的封邑，都以筑有城墻的聚落為中心，所以稱為“城”?！俺恰币簟笆ⅲ╟hénɡ）”，意思是“容納民眾”。其根本功能為保護(hù)民眾，是“民惟邦本”這一政治理念的具體體現(xiàn)。

　　Cheng (城) is a city with walls surrounding it. The Chinese character for cheng originally referred to inner and outer city walls built of earth, with military defense and flood control functions. Usually, it was surrounded by a moat. In ancient times, the state capital of a monarch, the fief of a prince, and a manor estate granted by a monarch to a minister or a senior official all had a walled settlement as the center, hence the name cheng.

　　四海：Four Seas

　　全國各地或世界各地。古人認(rèn)為中國的疆域四面環(huán)海，各依方位稱“東海”“南?！薄拔骱！焙汀氨焙！?，合稱“四?！?。它蘊含著遠(yuǎn)古中國人關(guān)于中國和世界的地理圖景：“九州”居“天下”之中，“天下”由“九州”及其周邊“四?！苯M成，中國是“海內(nèi)”，外國則是“海外”。

　　Four Seas refer to the territory of China or the entire world. The ancient Chinese believed that China was a land surrounded by Four Seas – the East, West, North, and South seas. The term suggests what the ancient Chinese conceived to be the map of China and the world: Nine zhou (regions) were located at the center of tianxia (all under heaven). Tianxia consisted of nine zhou and its surrounding Four Seas. China was within the Four Seas, while foreign lands were outside the Four Seas.

　　海外：Outside the Four Seas / Overseas

　“四海之外”，指古代中國疆域之外、國外，也指邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。古人認(rèn)為中國疆域四周環(huán)海，各依方位稱“東海”“南?！薄拔骱！焙汀氨焙！保戏Q“四?！?，所以稱中國以外的地方為海外。

　　Outside the Four Seas refers to the territory outside China, foreign lands, or remote areas. The ancient Chinese thought that China’s territory was surrounded by the Four Seas (the East, West, North, and South seas). Therefore, places outside China were outside the Four Seas.