在英文的實際寫作中,每個人多多少少會有些標(biāo)點使用的問題。雖然有時大家都不以為然,覺得這不是什么大問題。但事實上,在正式的書寫中,標(biāo)點符號是十分嚴肅重要的組成部分,不可被輕易忽視。
1.逗號
在句子并列結(jié)構(gòu)的最后成分前往往會使用連詞 and, or, but 等,在這些連詞前加不加逗號會對句子意思造成影響,舉個例子:
(1) You should buy some pens, red bags and notebooks.
(2) You should buy some pens, red bags, and notebooks.
兩個句子的表意有所不同,第二個句子 red 只修飾 bags,但第一個句子 red 可以解讀為修飾 bags 以及 notebooks,因此為了避免歧義,要學(xué)會正確使用逗號。
(1) This is a cheap and simple process, however, there are dangers.
(2) Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire, thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.
第一個句子中當(dāng) however 表示轉(zhuǎn)折含義時它是副詞,不能當(dāng)連詞用,因此逗號應(yīng)該改為分號或者句號。即:
This is a cheap and simple process; however, there are dangers. / This is a cheap and simple process. However, there are dangers.
第二個句子中 thus 是副詞,同樣不能當(dāng)連詞用,因此句子要改成:
Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty. / Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire; thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.
2.書名號
漢語中書名號《》可以用來標(biāo)明書名、文章名、報刊名等等,但英文中沒有漢語書名號的寫法。在英文中,標(biāo)明書籍、報刊、戲劇、電影、繪畫作品等名稱時, 通常采用斜體、下劃線、引號、黑體或黑體基礎(chǔ)上的下劃線。
3.省略號
英語和漢語中的省略號在書寫上不同,漢語省略號一般為六點,且位置在中間(……),英語省略號只有三點,且位置在下邊,即( ... ),在寫英文時記得不要混淆.
4.縮略符
在考場作文以及學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作中要避免使用縮略符的表達法,即 What's more,I'll 這類縮寫要還原為完整形式(a manager's job 這類所有格形式除外)。類似下面這樣的句子:
People who can't afford to go to the theatre or concerts can afford to go to football matches.
要改為:
People who cannot afford to go to the theatre or concerts can afford to go to football matches.
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