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國家監(jiān)察體制改革

國家監(jiān)察體制改革是中國正在進行的一項事關全局的重大政治體制改革舉措。2016年11月，中國在北京市、山西省、浙江省開展國家監(jiān)察體制改革試點，探索在上述3省市設立各級監(jiān)察委員會。黨的十九大報告提出，深化國家監(jiān)察體制改革，將試點工作在全國推開，組建國家、省、市、縣監(jiān)察委員會，同黨的紀律檢查機關合署辦公，實現(xiàn)對所有行使公權力的公職人員監(jiān)察全覆蓋。制定國家監(jiān)察法，依法賦予監(jiān)察委員會職責權限和調查手段，用留置取代“兩規(guī)”措施。2017年10月，十二屆全國人大常委會第三十次會議審議通過全國人大常委會關于在全國各地推開國家監(jiān)察體制改革試點工作的決定草案。2018年2月，全國省市縣三級監(jiān)察委員會全部組建完成；3月20日，第十三屆全國人大一次會議表決通過了《中華人民共和國監(jiān)察法》；3月23日，國家監(jiān)察委員會正式掛牌。回看國家監(jiān)察體制改革過程，黨中央部署改革試點任務，全國人大緊緊跟上，通過三地改革試點方案和在全國推開改革試點工作的決定草案，做到了立法和改革決策緊密銜接，使重大改革于法有據(jù)、立法主動適應改革需要。

Reform of the national supervision system

Reform of the national supervision system is an important, cross-cutting political institutional reform measure. Pilot reform projects were rolled out in November 2016 in Beijing, Shanxi, and Zhejiang to explore the feasibility of establishing supervisory commissions at the provincial and local levels.

The 19th CPC National Congress announced that China will deepen reform of the national supervision system, extend trial projects throughout the country, and establish supervisory commissions at the national, provincial, prefectural, and county levels, which work together with the Party's disciplinary inspection commissions as one office while keeping their own identity. This will ensure that supervision covers everyone working in the public sector who exercises public power. A national supervision law will be formulated. Supervisory commissions will be given responsibilities, powers, and means of investigation in accordance with law. The practice of shuanggui (A form of intraparty disciplinary action that requires a Party member under investigation to cooperate with questioning at a designated place and a designated time.) will be replaced by detention.

A draft decision on expanding pilot projects on reform of supervision system throughout the country was adopted in October 2017 by the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress at its 30th session. By February 2018 supervisory commissions had been established at the provincial, prefectural and county levels across the country. On March 20, the First Session of the 13th NPC adopted the Supervision Law, and three days later, on March 23, the National Supervisory Commission began operation.