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上海合作組織

上海合作組織是由中國、俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦、吉爾吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦于2001年6月15日在上海宣布成立的永久性政府間國際組織。其前身是成立于1996年4月的“上海五國”會晤機制。2017年6月，印度和巴基斯坦正式成為上合成員，這也是上合組織首次擴員。

上海合作組織成立伊始，就明確將安全合作作為優(yōu)先方向，成員國在首次峰會上簽署了《打擊恐怖主義、分裂主義和極端主義上海公約》，將打擊“三股勢力”明確列為上合組織的重要任務。成立17年來，上合組織逐步探索出新的集體安全合作模式，推行綜合施策、標本兼治的安全治理模式，為亞歐地區(qū)的安全做出了巨大貢獻。各方倡導并踐行共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的新安全觀，將使上合組織安全合作之路越走越寬。

上合組織旨在加強成員國間的友好與信任，鼓勵成員國在政治、經貿、文化等領域的有效合作，致力于共同維護地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定，推動建立公正合理的國際政治經濟新秩序。上合組織對內遵循“互信、互利、平等、協商，尊重多樣文明、謀求共同發(fā)展”的“上海精神”，對外奉行不結盟、不針對其他國家和地區(qū)及開放原則。

上合組織最高決策機構是成員國元首理事會，該會議每年舉行一次，決定本組織所有重要問題。政府首腦理事會每年舉行一次，討論本組織框架下多邊合作和優(yōu)先領域的戰(zhàn)略。上合組織有兩個常設機構，分別是設在北京的上合組織秘書處和設在塔什干的上合組織地區(qū)反恐怖機構執(zhí)行委員會。2018年6月，上合組織青島峰會成功召開。

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an inter-governmental organization comprising China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan founded in Shanghai on June 15, 2001. Its predecessor was the Shanghai Five established in April 1996. The SCO made its first expansion in June 2017, admitting India and Pakistan as formal members.

Since its very beginning, the SCO has given top priority to security cooperation. Its members signed at their first summit the Shanghai Convention Against Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism, making it their major task to fight these three forces. Over the past 17 years, the organization has explored a new model of cooperation for collective security, and promoted a security governance model that takes a multi-pronged approach to addressing both symptoms and root causes, making great contribution to the security in Asia and Europe. The concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security that the member states have upheld will push forward the SCO security cooperation to new stages.

The SCO’s mission is to build friendship and trust among member states, encourage effective cooperation in political, economic, trade, cultural and other areas, safeguard regional peace and stability, and promote a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational. 

Between themselves the SCO members have developed the “Shanghai Spirit,” which is based on mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for cultural diversity, and pursuit of common prosperity. Externally they follow the principle of openness and non-alignment, and their strategies and policies are not directed against any third party or any other region.

The top decision-making body of the SCO is the Council of Heads of State, which meets once a year to decide on major issues. Its Council of Heads of Government also meets once a year to discuss priorities and issues of multilateral cooperation. Its two permanent bodies are: the Secretariat in Beijing (China) and the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure in Tashkent (Uzbekistan).

In June 2018, the SCO Summit was held with a success in Qingdao, China.